{"id":9850,"date":"2025-06-27T20:47:44","date_gmt":"2025-06-27T18:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ipsa-refonte-dev.ionis.io\/recherche\/signals-artificial-intelligence\/"},"modified":"2025-07-23T02:17:54","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T00:17:54","slug":"signals-artificial-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/research\/signals-artificial-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Signals &amp; Artificial Intelligence (SIA)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"objectif wp-block-gvd-blocks-banner\">\n            <div class=\"bg-img\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Signaux-IA-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-2-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n      <\/div>\n      \n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"breadcrumb\">\n      <nav aria-label=\"breadcrumbs\" class=\"rank-math-breadcrumb\"><p><span class=\"last\">Home<\/span><\/p><\/nav>    <\/div>\n          <div class=\"row align-items-end\">\n        <div class=\"col-lg-6\">\n          <div class=\"left-zone\">\n            <h1>Signals &amp; Artificial Intelligence (SIA) <span class=\"titre-bleu\"><\/span><\/h1>\n                          <div class=\"subtitle\">Understand, model and ensure the reliability of intelligent, communicating systems.<\/div>\n                                    <p><br>IPSA&#8217;s Signals &amp; Artificial Intelligence (SIA) research team focuses on signals, telecommunications and their many applications in complex embedded systems.  <br><br>At the crossroads of statistical signal processing, artificial intelligence and robotics, it develops innovative methods for modeling, diagnosing and optimizing critical systems in the aeronautics, space, automotive and healthcare sectors.<br><br><\/p>\n                      <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                              <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-objectif-box\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"box-inside\">\n      <div class=\"title sous-titre\">THE GOALS<\/div>\n      <div class=\"\">\n        \n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-objectif-item\">\n  <div class=\"icon\">\n    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n          <svg id=\"Calque_1\" data-name=\"Calque 1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\">\n            <defs>\n              <style>\n                .cls-1 {\n                  fill: none;\n                  stroke: #00acde;\n                  stroke-linecap: round;\n                  stroke-linejoin: round;\n                  stroke-width: .61px;\n                }\n              <\/style>\n            <\/defs>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M16.73,6.67l.62-1.04c.18-.18.1-.54-.18-.81-.27-.27-.64-.35-.81-.18l-.98.68\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M4.1,16.69c-1.18-1.35-1.78-2.64-1.36-3.05.48-.48,2.12.39,3.67,1.95s2.42,3.2,1.95,3.67c-.41.41-1.66-.16-2.97-1.3\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M8.35,19.26l1.2-1.2c.48-.48-.39-2.12-1.94-3.67-1.55-1.55-3.19-2.42-3.67-1.94l-1.2,1.2\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M10.71,14.78l4.91-4.91.48-.48c.3-.3-.25-1.32-1.21-2.28s-1.99-1.51-2.28-1.21l-.48.48-4.91,4.91\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M15.96,8.49l.4-.39.53-.53c.21-.21-.17-.92-.85-1.6-.67-.67-1.39-1.05-1.6-.85l-.53.53-.4.4\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M9.29,18.33c1.69-1.69,1.81-4.33.26-5.88s-4.18-1.44-5.88.26\"\/>\n            <rect class=\"cls-1\" x=\"14.2\" y=\"13.16\" width=\"5.37\" height=\"7.44\" transform=\"translate(-6.99 16.88) rotate(-45)\"\/>\n            <line class=\"cls-1\" x1=\"14.25\" y1=\"14.25\" x2=\"19.51\" y2=\"19.51\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M13.49,9.7l-2.2,2.2c-.16-.2-.35-.42-.56-.63-.2-.2-.39-.37-.58-.52l2.2-2.2c.19.15.38.32.58.52.21.21.4.43.56.63Z\"\/>\n            <rect class=\"cls-1\" x=\"12.44\" y=\"12.45\" width=\"2.12\" height=\"2.1\" transform=\"translate(13.5 -5.59) rotate(45)\"\/>\n            <line class=\"cls-1\" x1=\"6.41\" y1=\"15.59\" x2=\"5.03\" y2=\"16.97\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M5.03,18.4c-.4.4-1.04.4-1.43,0s-.4-1.04,0-1.43,1.04-.4,1.43,0c.4.4.4,1.04,0,1.43Z\"\/>\n            <line class=\"cls-1\" x1=\"18.78\" y1=\"14.98\" x2=\"14.98\" y2=\"18.78\"\/>\n            <rect class=\"cls-1\" x=\"2.44\" y=\"1.4\" width=\"5.37\" height=\"7.44\" transform=\"translate(-2.12 5.12) rotate(-45)\"\/>\n            <line class=\"cls-1\" x1=\"7.75\" y1=\"7.75\" x2=\"2.49\" y2=\"2.49\"\/>\n            <rect class=\"cls-1\" x=\"7.44\" y=\"7.45\" width=\"2.12\" height=\"2.1\" transform=\"translate(8.5 20.53) rotate(-135)\"\/>\n            <line class=\"cls-1\" x1=\"3.22\" y1=\"7.02\" x2=\"7.02\" y2=\"3.22\"\/>\n          <\/svg>  <\/div>\n  Improve the accuracy of positioning and navigation systems<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-objectif-item\">\n  <div class=\"icon\">\n    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg id=\"Calque_1\" data-name=\"Calque 1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\">\n  <defs>\n    <style>\n      .cls-1 {\n        fill: none;\n        stroke: #00acde;\n        stroke-linecap: round;\n        stroke-linejoin: round;\n        stroke-width: .8px;\n      }\n    <\/style>\n  <\/defs>\n  <g id=\"Clipboard_Icon_20\">\n    <g>\n      <g>\n        <g>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"15.34 9 9.33 9 15.34 9 15.34 9\"\/>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"13 7 9.33 7 13 7 13 7\"\/>\n        <\/g>\n        <g>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"13.67 14 9.33 14 13.67 14 13.67 14\"\/>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"13 12 9.33 12 13 12 13 12\"\/>\n        <\/g>\n        <g>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"13 19.01 9.33 19.01 13 19.01 13 19.01\"\/>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"13 17 9.33 17 13 17 13 17\"\/>\n        <\/g>\n      <\/g>\n      <g>\n        <g>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"4 6.33 4 9.67 7.33 9.67 7.33 8.33 7.33 9.67 4 9.67 4 6.33 5.66 6.33 4 6.33\"\/>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"7 6.66 5.66 8.66 5 8 5.66 8.66 7 6.66\"\/>\n        <\/g>\n        <g>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"4 11.33 4 14.67 7.33 14.67 7.33 13.34 7.33 14.67 4 14.67 4 11.33 5.66 11.33 4 11.33\"\/>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"7 11.67 5.66 13.67 5 13 5.66 13.67 7 11.67\"\/>\n        <\/g>\n        <g>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"4 16.34 4 19.67 7.33 19.67 7.33 18.34 7.33 19.67 4 19.67 4 16.34 5.66 16.34 4 16.34\"\/>\n          <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"7 16.67 5.66 18.67 5 18.01 5.66 18.67 7 16.67\"\/>\n        <\/g>\n      <\/g>\n    <\/g>\n    <g>\n      <g>\n        <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"14.56 16 14.89 17.67 16.56 17 17.05 15.98 15.05 14.98 14.56 16\"\/>\n        <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M16.56,17l-1.67.67-.33-1.67,3.38-7.07c.16-.33.56-.47.88-.3l.81.4c.33.16.47.57.31.9l-2.26,4.74h0l2.26-4.74c.16-.33.02-.74-.31-.9l-.81-.4c-.33-.16-.73-.03-.88.3l-3.38,7.07.33,1.67,1.67-.67h0Z\"\/>\n        <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M20,9.66c0-.26-.13-.5-.37-.63l-.81-.4c-.33-.16-.73-.03-.88.3l-.49,1.03,2,1,.49-1.03c.04-.09.06-.18.07-.27Z\"\/>\n      <\/g>\n      <g>\n        <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M15.67,3.99h1c.37,0,.67.3.67.67v3h0v-3c0-.37-.3-.67-.67-.67h-1Z\"\/>\n        <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M3.66,3.99h-1c-.37,0-.67.3-.67.67v16.01c0,.37.3.67.67.67h14.01c.37,0,.67-.3.67-.67v-2.34h0v2.34c0,.37-.3.67-.67.67H2.66c-.37,0-.67-.3-.67-.67V4.66c0-.37.3-.67.67-.67h1Z\"\/>\n        <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M11.2,1.66c-.26-.59-.84-1-1.53-1s-1.27.41-1.53,1h0c.26-.59.84-1,1.53-1s1.27.41,1.53,1h0Z\"\/>\n        <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M11.34,2.99h2c.37,0,.67.3.67.67v1H5.33v-1c0-.37.3-.67.67-.67h2-2c-.37,0-.67.3-.67.67v1h8.67v-1c0-.37-.3-.67-.67-.67h-2Z\"\/>\n      <\/g>\n    <\/g>\n  <\/g>\n<\/svg>  <\/div>\n  Automate on-board network diagnostics<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-objectif-item\">\n  <div class=\"icon\">\n    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg id=\"Calque_1\" data-name=\"Calque 1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\">\n  <defs>\n    <style>\n      .cls-1 {\n        fill: none;\n        stroke: #00acde;\n        stroke-linecap: round;\n        stroke-linejoin: round;\n        stroke-width: .8px;\n      }\n    <\/style>\n  <\/defs>\n  <polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"9.02 20.52 7.9 20.52 11.12 12.58 5.19 12.58 13.23 1.44 14.4 1.44 10.88 9.39 16.81 9.39 9.02 20.52\"\/>\n  <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M6.9,18.85c-2.84-1.48-4.77-4.45-4.77-7.87,0-4.53,3.4-8.27,7.79-8.81\"\/>\n  <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M15.5,3.34c2.61,1.54,4.37,4.39,4.37,7.64,0,4.55-3.42,8.3-7.83,8.81\"\/>\n  <polyline class=\"cls-1\" points=\"8.51 .74 10.46 2.11 8.96 4.24\"\/>\n  <polyline class=\"cls-1\" points=\"13.15 17.83 11.82 19.81 13.99 21.26\"\/>\n<\/svg>  <\/div>\n  Optimizing energy transfer in constrained environments<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-objectif-item\">\n  <div class=\"icon\">\n    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n          <svg id=\"Calque_1\" data-name=\"Calque 1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 22\">\n            <defs>\n              <style>\n                .cls-1 {\n                  fill: none;\n                  stroke: #00acde;\n                  stroke-linecap: round;\n                  stroke-linejoin: round;\n                  stroke-width: .61px;\n                }\n              <\/style>\n            <\/defs>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M13.66,13.22c-.02-.12-.12-.22-.24-.22-.59-.01-1.14-.36-1.38-.93-.24-.58-.09-1.21.31-1.64.08-.09.08-.23.01-.32-.37-.48-.79-.9-1.26-1.26-.09-.07-.23-.07-.32.01-.42.41-1.06.55-1.63.31-.58-.24-.92-.79-.93-1.38,0-.12-.1-.22-.22-.23-.58-.08-1.18-.08-1.78,0-.12.02-.22.12-.22.24-.01.59-.36,1.14-.93,1.38-.58.24-1.21.09-1.64-.31-.09-.08-.23-.08-.32-.01-.48.37-.9.79-1.26,1.26-.07.09-.07.23.01.32.41.42.55,1.06.31,1.63-.24.58-.79.92-1.38.93-.12,0-.22.1-.23.22-.08.58-.08,1.18,0,1.78.02.12.12.22.24.22.59.01,1.14.36,1.38.93s.09,1.21-.31,1.64c-.08.09-.08.23-.01.32.37.48.79.9,1.26,1.26.09.07.23.07.32-.01.42-.41,1.06-.55,1.63-.31.58.24.92.79.93,1.38,0,.12.1.22.22.23.58.08,1.18.08,1.78,0,.12-.02.22-.12.22-.24.01-.59.36-1.14.93-1.38.58-.24,1.21-.09,1.64.31.09.08.23.08.32.01.48-.37.9-.79,1.26-1.26.07-.09.07-.23-.01-.32-.41-.42-.55-1.06-.31-1.63.24-.58.79-.92,1.38-.93.12,0,.22-.1.23-.22.08-.58.08-1.18,0-1.78Z\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M15.07,15.66c.37.32.84.53,1.37.53,1.15,0,2.08-.93,2.08-2.08s-.93-2.08-2.08-2.08c-.53,0-1,.2-1.37.53\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M13.98,17.89c.28-.12.6-.13.9,0,.44.18.71.6.71,1.05,0,.09.08.17.17.18.45.06.9.06,1.36,0,.09-.01.17-.09.17-.18,0-.45.27-.87.71-1.05.44-.18.93-.07,1.25.24.07.06.17.06.25,0,.37-.28.69-.6.96-.96.06-.07.05-.18,0-.24-.31-.32-.42-.81-.24-1.25.18-.44.6-.71,1.05-.71.09,0,.17-.08.18-.17.06-.45.06-.9,0-1.36-.01-.09-.09-.17-.18-.17-.45,0-.87-.27-1.05-.71-.18-.44-.07-.93.24-1.25.06-.07.06-.17,0-.25-.28-.37-.6-.69-.96-.96-.07-.06-.18-.05-.24,0-.32.31-.81.42-1.25.24-.44-.18-.71-.6-.71-1.05,0-.09-.08-.17-.17-.18-.45-.06-.9-.06-1.36,0-.09.01-.17.09-.17.18,0,.45-.27.87-.71,1.05-.3.13-.63.11-.9-.01\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M12.57,8.05c.54-.38.9-1,.9-1.71,0-1.15-.93-2.08-2.08-2.08s-2.08.93-2.08,2.08c0,.1.02.2.03.3\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M15.34,7.61c.22-.26.54-.42.88-.42.09,0,.17-.08.18-.17.06-.45.06-.9,0-1.36-.01-.09-.09-.17-.18-.17-.45,0-.87-.27-1.05-.71-.18-.44-.07-.93.24-1.25.06-.07.06-.17,0-.25-.28-.37-.6-.69-.96-.96-.07-.06-.18-.05-.24,0-.32.31-.81.42-1.25.24-.44-.18-.71-.6-.71-1.05,0-.09-.08-.17-.17-.18-.45-.06-.9-.06-1.36,0-.09.01-.17.09-.17.18,0,.45-.27.87-.71,1.05-.44.18-.93.07-1.25-.24-.07-.06-.17-.06-.25,0-.37.28-.69.6-.96.96-.06.07-.05.18,0,.24.31.32.42.81.24,1.25-.18.44-.6.71-1.05.71-.09,0-.17.08-.18.17-.02.11-.03.22-.03.33\"\/>\n            <line class=\"cls-1\" x1=\"6.68\" y1=\"14.89\" x2=\"9.01\" y2=\"14.89\"\/>\n            <line class=\"cls-1\" x1=\"5.22\" y1=\"12.17\" x2=\"5.22\" y2=\"16.05\"\/>\n            <path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M6.68,16.05v-2.72c0-.64.52-1.17,1.17-1.17h0c.64,0,1.17.52,1.17,1.17v2.72\"\/>\n          <\/svg>  <\/div>\n  Apply AI to data from a wide range of fields, from satellites to plants to nuclear gas pedals, to help develop reliable, high-performance, intelligent technologies.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-search-axis is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"searchAxis__backgroundImg\">\n        <div class=\"searchAxis__backgroundImg-gradient\">\n\n        <\/div>\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IPSA_Systemes-Spatiaux.jpg\" alt=\"image of satellite antennas pointed at a night sky\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"container searchAxis\">\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col-12\">\n                <h2 class=\"searchAxis__title\">Research areas<\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col-lg-6\">\n                <div class=\"searchAxis__boxes\">\n                    <div class=\"container\">\n                        <div class=\"row searchAxis__boxes-list\">\n                                                            <div class=\"col-md-4 col-6\">\n                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__box\">\n                                        <p>Statistical signal processing and digital communications<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"col-md-4 col-6\">\n                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__box\">\n                                        <p>GNSS systems and hybrid navigation<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"col-md-4 col-6\">\n                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__box\">\n                                        <p>Machine and deep learning (supervised, unsupervised)<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"col-md-4 col-6\">\n                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__box\">\n                                        <p>Intelligent diagnostics for wired networks (automotive, aeronautics)<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"col-md-4 col-6\">\n                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__box\">\n                                        <p>Inductive energy transfer and EMC modeling of HV cables<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"col-md-4 col-6\">\n                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__box\">\n                                        <p>Robust statistical methods on non-Euclidean spaces (Lie groups, Riemannian varieties)<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"col-md-4 col-6\">\n                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__box\">\n                                        <p>Identification of hybrid systems (continuous and discrete dynamics)<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"col-lg-6\">\n                <div class=\"searchAxis__themes\">\n                    <h2 class=\"titre searchAxis__themes-title\">\n                        <span class=\"sous-titre2\">\n                            Thematic                        <\/span>\n                        <\/br>\n                        research                    <\/h2>\n                    <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-list\">\n                                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item\">\n                                \n                                <a class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-link\"  target=\"\">\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-title\">\n                                        Navigation and geolocation                                      <\/span>\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-titleHover\">\n                                        PVT positioning via GNSS, GNSS\/IMU hybridization, RTK, interference robustness, intelligent tracking loop                                    <\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-arrow\">\n                                    <svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                        <path d=\"M6.41992 11.5996L0.819923 6.00961L6.41992 0.409609\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                        <path d=\"M12.0098 6.00977L0.819766 6.00976\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item\">\n                                \n                                <a class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-link\"  target=\"\">\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-title\">\n                                        Energy transfer                                    <\/span>\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-titleHover\">\n                                        Optimization of contactless systems for aeronautical applications, electromagnetic behavior of HV cables                                    <\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-arrow\">\n                                    <svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                        <path d=\"M6.41992 11.5996L0.819923 6.00961L6.41992 0.409609\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                        <path d=\"M12.0098 6.00977L0.819766 6.00976\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item\">\n                                \n                                <a class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-link\"  target=\"\">\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-title\">\n                                        Wired network diagnostics                                    <\/span>\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-titleHover\">\n                                        Detecting, locating and characterizing faults in embedded systems                                    <\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-arrow\">\n                                    <svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                        <path d=\"M6.41992 11.5996L0.819923 6.00961L6.41992 0.409609\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                        <path d=\"M12.0098 6.00977L0.819766 6.00976\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item\">\n                                \n                                <a class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-link\"  target=\"\">\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-title\">\n                                        Robust &amp; non-Euclidean statistics                                    <\/span>\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-titleHover\">\n                                        Bayesian estimation and error bounds on non-Euclidean spaces                                    <\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-arrow\">\n                                    <svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                        <path d=\"M6.41992 11.5996L0.819923 6.00961L6.41992 0.409609\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                        <path d=\"M12.0098 6.00977L0.819766 6.00976\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item\">\n                                \n                                <a class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-link\"  target=\"\">\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-title\">\n                                        AI and deep learning                                    <\/span>\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-titleHover\">\n                                        Deforestation detection, sap transport analysis, cross-section prediction in nuclear physics                                    <\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-arrow\">\n                                    <svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                        <path d=\"M6.41992 11.5996L0.819923 6.00961L6.41992 0.409609\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                        <path d=\"M12.0098 6.00977L0.819766 6.00976\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item\">\n                                \n                                <a class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-link\"  target=\"\">\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-title\">\n                                        Health and microwave imaging                                    <\/span>\n                                    <span class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-titleHover\">\n                                        WaveCare project with Sogeti Labs &#8211; non-invasive breast cancer detection using AI and microwaves                                    <\/span>\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <div class=\"searchAxis__themes-item-arrow\">\n                                    <svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                        <path d=\"M6.41992 11.5996L0.819923 6.00961L6.41992 0.409609\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                        <path d=\"M12.0098 6.00977L0.819766 6.00976\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-h2-span is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col\">\n                <h2 class=\"text-center \">\n                    Internal                                            <br><span class=\"sous-titre2\">team<\/span>\n                                    <\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-team-slider is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"people-slider-container\">\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\" alt=\"\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">Omar AL HAMMAL <span>Enseignant-Chercheur<\/span><\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/omar-al-hammal-09639214\/\" class=\"icon d-md-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p><\/p>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/omar-al-hammal-09639214\/\" class=\"d-none d-md-block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-avatar.jpg\" alt=\"avatar\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">Le\u00efla GHARSALLI <span>Enseignante-Chercheuse<\/span><\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/leila-gharsalli-1b681046\" class=\"icon d-md-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p>Data and Decision Science<\/p>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/leila-gharsalli-1b681046\" class=\"d-none d-md-block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/GOUDJIL-Abdelhak-ecole-aeronautique.png\" alt=\"Abdelhak GOUDJIL \u2013 Enseignant-Chercheur, Automatique\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">Abdelhak GOUDJIL <span>Enseignant-Chercheur<\/span><\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/abdelhak-goudjil-6013a954\/\" class=\"icon d-md-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p>Automatic<\/p>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/abdelhak-goudjil-6013a954\/\" class=\"d-none d-md-block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-avatar.jpg\" alt=\"avatar\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">Samy LABSIR <span>Enseignant-Chercheur<\/span><\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/samy-labsir-81456024\/\" class=\"icon d-md-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p>Signal and Telecommunications, Associate Researcher at T\u00e9SA\n<\/p>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/samy-labsir-81456024\/\" class=\"d-none d-md-block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/LORENZO-ORTEGA-ecole-aeronautique.png\" alt=\"Lorenzo ORTEGA \u2013 Enseignant-Chercheur, Signal et T\u00e9l\u00e9communications, chercheur associ\u00e9 \u00e0 T\u00e9SA\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">Lorenzo ORTEGA <span>Enseignant-Chercheur<\/span><\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/lorenzo-ortega-58bb83144\/\" class=\"icon d-md-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p>Signal and Telecommunications, Associate Researcher at T\u00e9SA\n<\/p>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/lorenzo-ortega-58bb83144\/\" class=\"d-none d-md-block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SMAIL-Mostafa-Kamel-ecole-aeronautique.png\" alt=\"Mostafa-Kamel SMAIL \u2013 Enseignant-Chercheur, \u00c9lectronique et \u00c9lectromagn\u00e9tisme, chef du d\u00e9partement Signaux &#038; Syst\u00e8mes, chercheur associ\u00e9 au GeePs\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">Mostafa-Kamel SMAIL <span>Enseignant-Chercheur<\/span><\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p>Electronics and Electromagnetism, Head of Signals &#038; Systems Department, Research Associate at GeePs\n<\/p>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SERIGNE-DAOUDA-PENE-ecole-aeronautique.png\" alt=\"Serigne DAOUDA PENE : chercheuse post doctorante -  \"M\u00e9thodes de r\u00e9gression sur groupe de Lie pour le d\u00e9bruitage et le recalage d'images\"\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">Serigne DAOUDA PENE <span>chercheur post doctorant<\/span><\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sdpen\/\" class=\"icon d-md-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p>&#8220;Lie group regression methods for image denoising and registration&#8221;.<\/p>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sdpen\/\" class=\"d-none d-md-block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/BOUHOU-Imad-ecole-aeronautique.png\" alt=\"Imad BOUHOU : Doctorante - \"Non-stationary and robust Reinforcement Learning methodologies for surveillance applications\" (2022-2025)\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">Imad BOUHOU <span>Doctorante<\/span><\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p>&#8220;Non-stationary and robust Reinforcement Learning methodologies for surveillance applications&#8221; (2022-2025)\n<\/p>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/mohammed-terrah.jpeg\" alt=\"mohammed terrah phd enseignant chercheur ipsa\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">Mohammed TERRRAH <span>Doctorant <\/span><\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/mohammed-terrah-80bba9222\/\" class=\"icon d-md-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p>&#8220;Design and optimization of a contactless energy transfer system for aeronautical applications&#8221; (2022-2025)\n<\/p>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/mohammed-terrah-80bba9222\/\" class=\"d-none d-md-block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/joan-bernabeu.jpeg\" alt=\"joan bernabeu phd enseignant chercheur IPSA\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">Joan Miguel BERNABEU FRIAS <span>Doctorant<\/span><\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/joan-bernabeu-377006a8\/\" class=\"icon d-md-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p>&#8220;Use of phase measurement for precise positioning in a swarm of satellites&#8221;; thesis co-financed with CNES and co-supervised at T\u00e9SA (2022-2025).\n<\/p>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/joan-bernabeu-377006a8\/\" class=\"d-none d-md-block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                      <div class=\"slide\">\n          <div class=\"box\">\n            <div class=\"photo\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-avatar.jpg\" alt=\"avatar\"\/>\n              <div class=\"title\">L\u00e9a DUBREIL <span>Promo IPSA 2022<\/span><\/div>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/ldubreil\/\" class=\"icon d-md-none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n            <div class=\"description-mobile\">\n              <p>PhD student &#8211; &#8220;AI processing of degraded GNSS measurements as input to a hybridized positioning algorithm (GNSS-IA)&#8221;; thesis co-financed with Thales Allenia Space and co-supervised at T\u00e9SA (2023-&#8230;)\n<\/p>\n                              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/ldubreil\/\" class=\"d-none d-md-block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                  <svg width=\"32\" height=\"33\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 33\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <g>\n                      <path d=\"M16 33C24.8366 33 32 25.6127 32 16.5C32 7.3873 24.8366 0 16 0C7.16344 0 0 7.3873 0 16.5C0 25.6127 7.16344 33 16 33Z\" fill=\"#169FDB\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M9.58778 12.6367H12.3406V21.7488H9.58778V12.6367ZM10.9642 8.1084C11.8438 8.1084 12.5555 8.84235 12.5555 9.7494C12.5555 10.6564 11.8438 11.3904 10.9642 11.3904C10.0846 11.3904 9.36621 10.6564 9.36621 9.7494C9.36621 8.84235 10.0779 8.1084 10.9642 8.1084Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                      <path d=\"M14.0663 12.6367H16.6983V13.883H16.7318C17.1011 13.1629 17.9941 12.4082 19.3302 12.4082C22.1099 12.4082 22.6269 14.2915 22.6269 16.7496V21.7487H19.8808V17.3174C19.8808 16.258 19.8607 14.9009 18.4507 14.9009C17.0407 14.9009 16.8057 16.0503 16.8057 17.2412V21.7487H14.0596V12.6367H14.0663Z\" fill=\"white\" \/>\n                    <\/g>\n                  <\/svg>\n                <\/a>\n                          <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-h2-span is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col\">\n                <h2 class=\" \">\n                    Team co-supervised with                                            <br><span class=\"sous-titre2\">partner laboratories<\/span>\n                                    <\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-accordeon-group is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col\">\n                <div class=\"menu-accordeon\">\n                    \n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-accordeon\">\n    <div class=\"accordeon\">\n        <div class=\"accordeon-head\">\n            <p class=\"text-btn\">Esteban MORALES-AGUIRRE<\/p>\n            <div class=\"accordeon-arrow\">\n                <svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                        <path d=\"M11.5996 5.58984L6.00961 11.1898L0.409609 5.58984\" stroke=\"#142B53\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                        <path d=\"M6.00977 0L6.00977 11.19\" stroke=\"#142B53\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"accordeon-body\">\n            \n\n<p>&#8220;Generation of precise and robust observables by GNSS\/IMU hybridization&#8221;; thesis co-financed by CNES and ISAE Supa\u00e9ro and co-supervised at T\u00e9SA (2023-&#8230;)<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-accordeon\">\n    <div class=\"accordeon\">\n        <div class=\"accordeon-head\">\n            <p class=\"text-btn\">Alexandre BROCHARD<\/p>\n            <div class=\"accordeon-arrow\">\n                <svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                        <path d=\"M11.5996 5.58984L6.00961 11.1898L0.409609 5.58984\" stroke=\"#142B53\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                        <path d=\"M6.00977 0L6.00977 11.19\" stroke=\"#142B53\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"accordeon-body\">\n            \n\n<p>&#8220;Detection and Mitigation of Interferences for Satellite Systems&#8221;; thesis funded by the FONISEN research federation (ONERA, ENAC, ISAE SUPAERO) and co-supervised with ENAC and ISAE Supa\u00e9ro (2024-&#8230;)<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-accordeon\">\n    <div class=\"accordeon\">\n        <div class=\"accordeon-head\">\n            <p class=\"text-btn\">Robin DUPRAT<\/p>\n            <div class=\"accordeon-arrow\">\n                <svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                        <path d=\"M11.5996 5.58984L6.00961 11.1898L0.409609 5.58984\" stroke=\"#142B53\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                        <path d=\"M6.00977 0L6.00977 11.19\" stroke=\"#142B53\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"accordeon-body\">\n            \n\n<p>&#8220;Design and Processing of GNSS Meta-Signals for Precise Positioning&#8221;; thesis co-financed by CNES and Thales Allenia Space at T\u00e9SA (2024-&#8230;)<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-accordeon\">\n    <div class=\"accordeon\">\n        <div class=\"accordeon-head\">\n            <p class=\"text-btn\">Daniel JIMENEZ<\/p>\n            <div class=\"accordeon-arrow\">\n                <svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                        <path d=\"M11.5996 5.58984L6.00961 11.1898L0.409609 5.58984\" stroke=\"#142B53\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                        <path d=\"M6.00977 0L6.00977 11.19\" stroke=\"#142B53\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"accordeon-body\">\n            \n\n<p>&#8220;EMC study and modeling for cable pre-sizing in the automotive industry&#8221;; CIFRE thesis co-supervised with ACOME at GeePs (2025-&#8230;)<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-languette-elements is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col-md-10\">\n                <div class=\"languette\">\n                                            <h2>Laboratories and strategic partners  <\/h2>\n                                                    <div class=\"slider-certifs\">\n                                \n                                    <div class=\"slide-certif\">\n                                        <div class=\"wrapper\">\n                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Logo-Tesa-ecole-aeronautique.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"Logo T\u00e9sa\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Logo-Tesa-ecole-aeronautique.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Logo-Tesa-ecole-aeronautique-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Logo-Tesa-ecole-aeronautique-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Logo-Tesa-ecole-aeronautique-768x960.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/>                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                \n                                    <div class=\"slide-certif\">\n                                        <div class=\"wrapper\">\n                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"355\" height=\"142\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logo-GEEPS-Recherche-ecole-aeronautique.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"logo GEEPS\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logo-GEEPS-Recherche-ecole-aeronautique.png 355w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logo-GEEPS-Recherche-ecole-aeronautique-300x120.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/>                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                \n                                    <div class=\"slide-certif\">\n                                        <div class=\"wrapper\">\n                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Logo-Sogetilabs-recherche-ecole-aeronautique.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"Logo Sogetilabs\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Logo-Sogetilabs-recherche-ecole-aeronautique.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Logo-Sogetilabs-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Logo-Sogetilabs-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Logo-Sogetilabs-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-768x960.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/>                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                \n                                    <div class=\"slide-certif\">\n                                        <div class=\"wrapper\">\n                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"817\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Logo_Acome.svg.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"logo Acome\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Logo_Acome.svg.png 800w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Logo_Acome.svg-294x300.png 294w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Logo_Acome.svg-768x784.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                \n                                    <div class=\"slide-certif\">\n                                        <div class=\"wrapper\">\n                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/logo-enac-bleu.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"Logo Enac\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/logo-enac-bleu.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/logo-enac-bleu-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/logo-enac-bleu-768x523.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                \n                                    <div class=\"slide-certif\">\n                                        <div class=\"wrapper\">\n                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/CNES_2017_triangulaire_bleu.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"logo CNES\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/CNES_2017_triangulaire_bleu.png 800w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/CNES_2017_triangulaire_bleu-300x253.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/CNES_2017_triangulaire_bleu-768x648.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                \n                                    <div class=\"slide-certif\">\n                                        <div class=\"wrapper\">\n                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ISAE-Supaero.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"logo ISAE Supaero\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ISAE-Supaero.png 800w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ISAE-Supaero-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ISAE-Supaero-768x520.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                \n                                    <div class=\"slide-certif\">\n                                        <div class=\"wrapper\">\n                                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Thales_Alenia_Space_Logo.svg.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"Logo Thales Alenia Space\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Thales_Alenia_Space_Logo.svg.png 800w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Thales_Alenia_Space_Logo.svg-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Thales_Alenia_Space_Logo.svg-768x501.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                                <div class=\"languette-deco\">\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-no-margin wp-block-gvd-blocks-space-bg is-style-default-margin\">\n  \n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-container-media-text is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"row media-text-container  \">\n                        <div class=\"col-lg-6 content-col\">\n                <div class=\"\">\n                                            <h2 class=\"media-text-container__title\">\n                            Publications                                                            <br><span class=\"sous-titre2 media-text-container__subtitle\">recent<\/span>\n                                                    <\/h2>\n                                        \n\n<p><em>&#8220;Robust Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Navigation in Complex Environments&#8221;, <\/em>Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 2025.<br>This study explores the application of robust reinforcement learning in dynamic environments for autonomous systems such as drones, with implications for aeronautics and automobiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;<em>Hybrid GNSS\/IMU Systems for Precise Satellite Positioning<\/em>&#8221; &#8211; Collaboration with CNES and Thales Alenia Space.<br><br>The team is developing new methodologies to improve the accuracy of satellite geolocation using hybrid GNSS\/IMU systems.<\/p>\n\n                    <div class=\"media-text-container__buttons container\">\n                        <div class=\"row\">\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"col-lg-6 img-col stickycontainer\">\n                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1609\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Signaux-IA-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-scaled.jpg\" class=\"stickycontent\" alt=\"Vue a\u00e9rienne et nocturne de la terre, et des satellites qui quadrillent la zone\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Signaux-IA-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Signaux-IA-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Signaux-IA-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-1024x644.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Signaux-IA-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-768x483.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Signaux-IA-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-1536x965.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Signaux-IA-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-2048x1287.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-h2-span is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col\">\n                <h2 class=\" \">\n                    Research project                                            <br><span class=\"sous-titre2\">emblematic<\/span>\n                                    <\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-slider-3d is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n                <div class=\"row \">\n                            <div class=\"col-lg-3 carousel3D__content\">\n                    <p class=\"titre carousel3D__title\">\n                    <\/p>\n                    <p class=\"content carousel3D__text\">\n                    <\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"col-lg-9 carousel3D__carousel\">\n                                    <div id=\"carousel3D\" class=\"carousel3D\">\n                                                    <div data-content=\"Development of an innovative solution for early, non-invasive detection of breast cancer, combining microwave imaging and artificial intelligence. The project aims to offer a more accessible and comfortable alternative to conventional mammography. \" data-title=\"WaveCare (in partnership with Sogeti Labs)\" class=\"carousel3D-img\" id=\"carousel3D-img-0\">\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"906\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/lanceur.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Photo d&#039;un satellite au dessus de la Terre\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/lanceur.jpg 906w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/lanceur-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/lanceur-768x509.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px\" \/>                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                \n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-style-big-margin wp-block-gvd-blocks-bandeau-bouton-cartes is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n                            <div class=\"col-lg-3 col-6\">\n                                            <a class=\"bouton-carte is-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/research\/join-the-teaching-team\/\">\n                            <div class='bouton-carte-icon'>\n                                <svg width=\"21\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 21 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n<path d=\"M10.4594 22.54C12.5636 22.54 14.2694 17.6062 14.2694 11.52C14.2694 5.43382 12.5636 0.5 10.4594 0.5C8.35521 0.5 6.64941 5.43382 6.64941 11.52C6.64941 17.6062 8.35521 22.54 10.4594 22.54Z\" stroke=\"#1A1A1A\" stroke-width=\"0.85\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M10.4597 12.76C11.1446 12.76 11.6997 12.2049 11.6997 11.52C11.6997 10.8352 11.1446 10.28 10.4597 10.28C9.77489 10.28 9.21973 10.8352 9.21973 11.52C9.21973 12.2049 9.77489 12.76 10.4597 12.76Z\" fill=\"white\" stroke=\"#1A1A1A\" stroke-width=\"0.85\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M12.8093 4.04006C13.4942 4.04006 14.0493 3.48489 14.0493 2.80006C14.0493 2.11523 13.4942 1.56006 12.8093 1.56006C12.1245 1.56006 11.5693 2.11523 11.5693 2.80006C11.5693 3.48489 12.1245 4.04006 12.8093 4.04006Z\" fill=\"white\" stroke=\"#1A1A1A\" stroke-width=\"0.85\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M20.0098 17.0315C21.0619 15.2092 17.642 11.265 12.3712 8.22192C7.10039 5.17883 1.97468 4.18918 0.922578 6.01148C-0.129524 7.83377 3.29039 11.7779 8.56118 14.821C13.832 17.8641 18.9577 18.8538 20.0098 17.0315Z\" stroke=\"#1A1A1A\" stroke-width=\"0.85\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M12.3634 14.8162C17.6342 11.7731 21.0541 7.8289 20.002 6.00661C18.9499 4.18431 13.8242 5.17396 8.55337 8.21705C3.28258 11.2601 -0.137337 15.2043 0.914766 17.0266C1.96687 18.8489 7.09258 17.8593 12.3634 14.8162Z\" stroke=\"#1A1A1A\" stroke-width=\"0.85\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M16.5798 18.8899C17.2647 18.8899 17.8198 18.3347 17.8198 17.6499C17.8198 16.9651 17.2647 16.4099 16.5798 16.4099C15.895 16.4099 15.3398 16.9651 15.3398 17.6499C15.3398 18.3347 15.895 18.8899 16.5798 18.8899Z\" fill=\"white\" stroke=\"#1A1A1A\" stroke-width=\"0.85\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M1.74 15.19C2.42483 15.19 2.98 14.6348 2.98 13.95C2.98 13.2651 2.42483 12.71 1.74 12.71C1.05517 12.71 0.5 13.2651 0.5 13.95C0.5 14.6348 1.05517 15.19 1.74 15.19Z\" fill=\"white\" stroke=\"#1A1A1A\" stroke-width=\"0.85\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M10.4594 22.54C12.5636 22.54 14.2694 17.6062 14.2694 11.52C14.2694 5.43382 12.5636 0.5 10.4594 0.5C8.35521 0.5 6.64941 5.43382 6.64941 11.52C6.64941 17.6062 8.35521 22.54 10.4594 22.54Z\"\/>\n<path d=\"M10.4597 12.76C11.1446 12.76 11.6997 12.2049 11.6997 11.52C11.6997 10.8352 11.1446 10.28 10.4597 10.28C9.77489 10.28 9.21973 10.8352 9.21973 11.52C9.21973 12.2049 9.77489 12.76 10.4597 12.76Z\"\/>\n<path d=\"M12.8093 4.04006C13.4942 4.04006 14.0493 3.48489 14.0493 2.80006C14.0493 2.11523 13.4942 1.56006 12.8093 1.56006C12.1245 1.56006 11.5693 2.11523 11.5693 2.80006C11.5693 3.48489 12.1245 4.04006 12.8093 4.04006Z\"\/>\n<path d=\"M20.0098 17.0315C21.0619 15.2092 17.642 11.265 12.3712 8.22192C7.10039 5.17883 1.97468 4.18918 0.922578 6.01148C-0.129524 7.83377 3.29039 11.7779 8.56118 14.821C13.832 17.8641 18.9577 18.8538 20.0098 17.0315Z\"\/>\n<path d=\"M12.3634 14.8162C17.6342 11.7731 21.0541 7.8289 20.002 6.00661C18.9499 4.18431 13.8242 5.17396 8.55337 8.21705C3.28258 11.2601 -0.137337 15.2043 0.914766 17.0266C1.96687 18.8489 7.09258 17.8593 12.3634 14.8162Z\"\/>\n<path d=\"M16.5798 18.8899C17.2647 18.8899 17.8198 18.3347 17.8198 17.6499C17.8198 16.9651 17.2647 16.4099 16.5798 16.4099C15.895 16.4099 15.3398 16.9651 15.3398 17.6499C15.3398 18.3347 15.895 18.8899 16.5798 18.8899Z\"\/>\n<path d=\"M1.74 15.19C2.42483 15.19 2.98 14.6348 2.98 13.95C2.98 13.2651 2.42483 12.71 1.74 12.71C1.05517 12.71 0.5 13.2651 0.5 13.95C0.5 14.6348 1.05517 15.19 1.74 15.19Z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"sous-titre\">\n                                Join the research team                            <\/div>\n                            <div class='arrow-url'>\n                                <svg width=\"13\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 13 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\">\n                                    <path d=\"M6.08984 0.409912L11.6898 5.99991L6.08984 11.5999\" \/>\n                                    <path d=\"M0.5 6H11.69\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/a>\n                    \n\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"col-lg-3 col-6\">\n                                            <a class=\"bouton-carte is-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/research\/research-for-companies\/\">\n                            <div class='bouton-carte-icon'>\n                                \n            <svg width=\"61\" height=\"43\" viewBox=\"0 0 61 43\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path d=\"M22.5812 9.82129L16.7871 0.76428L21.8805 0.378392C22.4908 0.370826 23.0333 0.559986 23.5004 0.938308L32.1878 8.97385L34.7571 8.92089C35.1338 8.90575 35.4729 9.01168 35.7743 9.23111C35.9099 9.33704 36.038 9.47324 36.1585 9.62457C36.4223 9.96505 36.6106 10.3585 36.7161 10.7974C36.7688 11.0471 36.8065 11.3119 36.814 11.607C36.8291 12.2123 36.7161 12.7571 36.475 13.2262L51.6346 12.9311C54.5053 12.9311 56.8259 13.892 58.6041 15.829M58.6041 15.829C58.6568 15.8896 58.7096 15.9425 58.7623 16.0031C58.8452 16.109 58.9281 16.2074 59.0034 16.2982C59.463 16.8581 59.7418 17.2137 59.8473 17.3726C60.1562 17.8568 60.3747 18.3108 60.4953 18.727C61.1583 20.8834 59.3877 22.0713 55.1834 22.2832L41.2971 22.5707L37.4243 26.5885C37.56 26.6944 37.6881 26.8306 37.8086 26.9819C38.0723 27.3224 38.2607 27.7159 38.3662 28.1547C38.4189 28.4044 38.4566 28.6693 38.4641 28.9643C38.4792 29.7361 38.2908 30.402 37.899 30.9543C37.5072 31.5067 37.0326 31.7866 36.4599 31.8018L33.853 31.8623C33.7776 31.8623 33.7023 31.8623 33.6194 31.8699C33.1748 31.8699 32.7604 31.8547 32.3686 31.8169L22.9805 41.5473C22.423 42.0694 21.6921 42.3872 20.7955 42.4856L15.7624 42.599L29.4904 19.3701L40.6115 19.1431M58.6041 15.829C58.0239 16.7824 56.5019 17.3499 54.0306 17.5466M23.1614 22.949L20.6298 23.002C14.3685 22.8355 9.73475 21.867 6.72845 20.0814C5.49278 19.1431 4.58109 17.9249 3.98586 16.4192L3.14952 13.8996M3.14952 13.8996L0.504883 5.89432L3.93312 5.61436L12.0479 13.7256L36.475 13.2337M3.14952 13.8996L7.45177 13.8164M34.8626 29.2443L32.3686 31.8245\" stroke=\"#119CD7\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n            <\/svg>\n                                        <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"sous-titre\">\n                                Call on the services of the SIA team                            <\/div>\n                            <div class='arrow-url'>\n                                <svg width=\"13\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 13 12\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-width=\"1.16\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\">\n                                    <path d=\"M6.08984 0.409912L11.6898 5.99991L6.08984 11.5999\" \/>\n                                    <path d=\"M0.5 6H11.69\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/a>\n                    \n\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-h2-span is-style-default-margin\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col\">\n                <h2 class=\" \">\n                    Other research topics at IPSA                                            <br><span class=\"sous-titre2\">AERONAUTICS AND aerospace school<\/span>\n                                    <\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-gvd-blocks-boite-image-container is-style-default-margin\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      \n\n<div class=\"col-sm-6 col-lg-4 wp-block-gvd-blocks-boite-image\">\n  <div class=\"box\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/COD-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-1024x683.jpg)\">\n    <div class=\"inside-box\">\n      <div class=\"title\"><\/div>\n      <a target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/research\/control-optimization-and-decision\/\" class=\"theme-btn secondary\">Research in Control,<br>Optimization and Decision<br>(COD)<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"col-sm-6 col-lg-4 wp-block-gvd-blocks-boite-image\">\n  <div class=\"box\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/PAP-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-2-1-1024x576.jpg)\">\n    <div class=\"inside-box\">\n      <div class=\"title\"><\/div>\n      <a target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/research\/physics-and-astrophysics\/\" class=\"theme-btn secondary\">Physics research &amp;<br>AstroPhysics (PAP)<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"col-sm-6 col-lg-4 wp-block-gvd-blocks-boite-image\">\n  <div class=\"box\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2MFE-recherche-ecole-aeronautique-2-1024x576.jpg)\">\n    <div class=\"inside-box\">\n      <div class=\"title\"><\/div>\n      <a target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/research\/materials-mechanics-fluids-energy\/\" class=\"theme-btn secondary\">Research in Materials,<br>Mechanics, Fluids &amp;<br>Energy (2MFE)<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n  <div class=\"bg__container\">\n    <div class=\"bg\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/plugins\/gvd-blocks\/assets\/images\/space-bg.webp)\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":9766,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9850","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"www.ipsa.fr","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":false,"featuredImageNotice":"The featured image should be at least 200 by 200 pixels to be picked up by Facebook and other social media sites.","pluginReviewed":false,"postSettings":{"linkSuggestions":true,"useFocusKeyword":false},"frontEndScore":false,"postName":"signals-artificial-intelligence","permalinkFormat":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/%pagename%\/","showLockModifiedDate":true,"assessor":{"focusKeywordLink":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-admin\/edit.php?focus_keyword=%focus_keyword%&post_type=%post_type%","hasTOCPlugin":false,"primaryTaxonomy":false,"serpData":{"title":"AI signals research - IPSA Ecole A\u00e9ronautique et Spatial","description":"AI Signals research at IPSA, School of Aeronautics and Space: Artificial intelligence, robotics, signals. Autonomous drone projects. Program the future.  ","focusKeywords":"Search for AI signals","pillarContent":false,"canonicalUrl":"","breadcrumbTitle":"","advancedRobots":{"max-snippet":"-1","max-video-preview":"-1","max-image-preview":"large"},"facebookTitle":"","facebookDescription":"","facebookImage":"","facebookImageID":"","facebookHasOverlay":false,"facebookImageOverlay":"","facebookAuthor":"","twitterCardType":"","twitterUseFacebook":true,"twitterTitle":"","twitterDescription":"","twitterImage":"","twitterImageID":"","twitterHasOverlay":false,"twitterImageOverlay":"","twitterPlayerUrl":"","twitterPlayerSize":"","twitterPlayerStream":"","twitterPlayerStreamCtype":"","twitterAppDescription":"","twitterAppIphoneName":"","twitterAppIphoneID":"","twitterAppIphoneUrl":"","twitterAppIpadName":"","twitterAppIpadID":"","twitterAppIpadUrl":"","twitterAppGoogleplayName":"","twitterAppGoogleplayID":"","twitterAppGoogleplayUrl":"","twitterAppCountry":"","robots":{"index":true},"twitterAuthor":"@IPSA","primaryTerm":0,"authorName":"lcreppy","titleTemplate":"%title% %sep% %sitename% %page%","descriptionTemplate":"%excerpt%","showScoreFrontend":true,"lockModifiedDate":false},"powerWords":["a cut above","absolute","absolutely","absolutely lowest","absurd","abuse","accurate","accuse","achieve","actionable","adaptable","adequate","admit","adorable","advantage","advice","affordable","aggravate","aggressive","agitated","agonizing","agony","alarmed","alarming","alienated","aligned","alive","all-inclusive","alluring","always","amazing","amp","animated","annihilate","announcing","anonymous","antagonistic","anxious","apocalypse","appalled","approved","approving","argumentative","armageddon","arrogant","ass kicking","assault","assured","astonishing","astounded","astounding","at ease","atrocious","attack","attractive","audacity","authentic","authoritative","authority","avoid","aware","awe-inspiring","awesome","awkward","backbone","backdoor","backed","backlash","backstabbing","badass","balanced","banned","bargain","barrage","basic","battle","beaming","beat down","beating","beautiful","beauty","begging","behind the scenes","belief","belong","best","best-selling","better","beware","big","billion","black market","blacklisted","blast","blessed","blinded","blissful","blood","bloodbath","bloodcurdling","bloody","blunder","blushing","bold","bomb","bona","bona fide","bonanza","bonus","bootleg","bottom line","bountiful","brave","bravery","brazen","break","breaking","breakthrough","breathtaking","bright","brilliant","broke","brutal","budget","buffoon","bullshit","bully","bumbling","buy","cadaver","calm","cancel anytime","capable","captivate","captivating","carefree","case study","cash","cataclysmic","catapult","catastrophe","caution","censored","centered","certain","certainly","certified","challenge","charming","cheap","cheat","cheat-sheet","cheer","cheerful","child-like","clarity","classified","clear","clueless","collapse","colorful","colossal","comfortable","compare","competitive","complete","completely","completeness","comprehensive","compromise","compulsive","concealed","conclusive","condemning","condescending","confess","confession","confessions","confident","confidential","conquer","conscientious","constructive","content","contrary","controlling","controversial","convenient","convert","cool","cooperative","copy","corpse","corrupt","corrupting","courage","courageous","cover-up","covert","coward","cowardly","crammed","crave","crazy","create","creative","cringeworthy","cripple","crisis","critical","crooked","crush","crushing","damaging","danger","dangerous","daring","dazzling","dead","deadline","deadly","death","decadent","deceived","deceptive","deep","defiance","definitely","definitive","defying","dejected","delicious","delight","delighted","delightful","delirious","delivered","demoralizing","deplorable","depraved","desire","desperate","despicable","destiny","destroy","detailed","devastating","devoted","diagnosed","direct","dirty","disadvantages","disastrous","discount","discover","disdainful","disempowered","disgusted","disgusting","dishonest","disillusioned","disoriented","distracted","distraught","distressed","distrustful","divulge","document","dollar","dominate","doomed","double","doubtful","download","dreadful","dreamy","drive","drowning","dumb","dynamic","eager","earnest","easily","easy","economical","ecstatic","edge","effective","efficient","effortless","elated","eliminate","elite","embarrass","embarrassed","embarrassing","emergency","emerging","emphasize","empowered","enchant","encouraged","endorsed","energetic","energy","enormous","enraged","enthusiastic","envy","epic","epidemic","essential","ethical","euphoric","evil","exactly","exasperated","excellent","excited","excitement","exciting","exclusive","exclusivity","excruciating","exhilarated","expensive","expert","explode","exploit","explosive","exposed","exquisite","extra","extraordinary","extremely","exuberant","eye-opening","fail","fail-proof","failure","faith","famous","fantasy","fascinating","fatigued","faux","faux pas","fearless","feast","feeble","festive","fide","fierce","fight","final","fine","fired","first","first ever","flirt","fluid","focus","focused","fool","fooled","foolish","forbidden","force-fed","forever","forgiving","forgotten","formula","fortune","foul","frantic","free","freebie","freedom","frenzied","frenzy","frightening","frisky","frugal","frustrated","fulfill","fulfilled","full","fully","fun","fun-loving","fundamentals","funniest","funny","furious","gambling","gargantuan","genius","genuine","gift","gigantic","giveaway","glamorous","gleeful","glorious","glowing","goddamn","gorgeous","graceful","grateful","gratified","gravity","great","greatest","greatness","greed","greedy","gripping","grit","grounded","growth","guaranteed","guilt","guilt-free","gullible","guts","hack","happiness","happy","harmful","harsh","hate","have you heard","havoc","hazardous","healthy","heart","heartbreaking","heartwarming","heavenly","hell","helpful","helplessness","hero","hesitant","hidden","high tech","highest","highly effective","hilarious","hoak","hoax","honest","honored","hope","hopeful","horribly","horrific","horrifying","horror","hostile","how to","huge","humility","humor","hurricane","hurry","hypnotic","idiot","ignite","illegal","illusive","imagination","immediately","imminently","impatience","impatient","impenetrable","important","impressive","improved","in the zone","incapable","incapacitated","incompetent","inconsiderate","increase","incredible","indecisive","indulgence","indulgent","inexpensive","inferior","informative","infuriated","ingredients","innocent","innovative","insane","insecure","insider","insidious","inspired","inspiring","instant savings","instantly","instructive","insult","intel","intelligent","intense","interesting","intriguing","introducing","invasion","investment","iron-clad","ironclad","irresistible","irs","is here","jackpot","jail","jaw-dropping","jealous","jeopardy","jittery","jovial","joyous","jubilant","judgmental","jumpstart","just arrived","keen","kickass","kickstart","kill","killed","killing","kills","know it all","lame","largest","lascivious","last","last chance","last minute","latest","laugh","laughing","launch","launching","lavishly","lawsuit","lazy","left behind","legendary","legitimate","liberal","liberated","lick","lies","life-changing","lifetime","light","lighthearted","likely","limited","literally","little-known","loathsome","lonely","looming","loser","lost","love","lucrative","lunatic","lurking","lust","luxurious","luxury","lying","magic","magical","magnificent","mainstream","malicious","mammoth","manipulative","marked down","massive","master","masterclass","maul","mediocre","meditative","meltdown","memorability","memorable","menacing","mesmerizing","meticulous","mind-blowing","minimalist","miracle","mired","mischievous","misgiving","missing out","mistake","monetize","money","moneyback","moneygrubbing","monumental","most important","motivated","mouth-watering","murder","mystery","nail","naked","natural","naughty","nazi","nest egg","never","new","nightmare","no good","no obligation","no one talks about","no questions asked","no risk","no strings attached","non-controlling","noted","novelty","now","obnoxious","obsessed","obsession","obvious","odd","off-kilter","off-limits","off-the record","offensive","official","okay","on-demand","open-minded","opportunities","optimistic","ordeal","outlawed","outrageousness","outstanding","overcome","overjoyed","overnight","overwhelmed","packed","painful","painless","painstaking","pale","panic","panicked","paralyzed","pas","passionate","pathetic","pay zero","payback","perfect","peril","perplexed","perspective","pessimistic","pioneering","piranha","pitfall","pitiful","placid","plague","played","playful","pleased","pluck","plummet","plunge","poison","poisonous","polarizing","poor","popular","portfolio","pound","powerful","powerless","practical","preposterous","prestige","price","priceless","pride","prison","privacy","private","privileged","prize","problem","productive","professional","profit","profitable","profound","promiscuous","promising","promote","protect","protected","proven","provocative","provoke","psychological","pummel","punch","punish","pus","quadruple","quality","quarrelsome","quick","quick-start","quickly","quiet","radiant","rare","ravenous","rebellious","recession-proof","reckoning","recognized","recommend","recreate","reduced","reflective","refugee","refund","refundable","reject","relaxed","release","relentless","reliable","remarkable","replicate","report","reprimanding","repulsed","repulsive","research","resentful","resourceful","responsible","responsive","rested","restricted","results","retaliating","reveal","revealing","revenge","revengeful","revisited","revolting","revolutionary","reward","rich","ridiculous","risky","riveting","rookie","rowdy","ruin","rules","ruthless","sabotaging","sacred","sadistic","sadly","sadness","safe","safety","sale","sampler","sarcastic","satisfied","savage","savagery","save","savings","savvy","scam","scandal","scandalous","scarce","scared","scary","scornful","scream","searing","secret","secret agenda","secret plot","secrets","secure","security","seductive","seething","seize","selected","self-hating","self-sufficient","sensational","senseless","sensual","serene","seriously","severe","sex","sexy","shaking","shameful","shameless","shaming","shatter","shellacking","shocking","should","shrewd","sick and tired","signs","silly","simple","simplicity","simplified","simplistic","sincere","sinful","sins","six-figure","sizable","sizzle","sizzled","sizzles","sizzling","sizzlingly","skill","skyrocket","slaughter","slave","sleazy","sleeping","sly","smash","smiling","smug","smuggle","smuggled","sneak-peek","sneaky","sniveling","snob","snooty","snotty","soar","soaring","solid","solution","spank","special","spectacular","speedy","spell-binding","spine","spirit","spirited","spiteful","spoiler","spontaneous","spotlight","spunky","squirming","stable","staggering","startling","steady","steal","stealthy","steamy","step-by-step","still","stoic","stop","strange","strangle","strategy","stressed","strong","strongly suggest","struggle","stuck up","studies","stunning","stupid","stupid-simple","sturdy","sublime","succeed","success","successful","suck","suddenly","suffer","sunny","super","super-human","superb","supercharge","superior","supported","supportive","sure","sure fire","surefire","surge","surging","surprise","surprised","surprising","survival","survive","suspicious","sweaty","swoon","swoon-worthy","tailspin","tank","tantalizing","targeted","tawdry","tease","technology","teetering","tempting","tenacious","tense","terrible","terrific","terrified","terrifying","terror","terrorist","tested","thankful","the truth","threaten","threatened","thrilled","thrilling","thug","ticked off","tickled","timely","today","torture","toxic","track record","trade secret","tragedy","tragic","transform","transparency","trap","trapped","trauma","traumatized","treacherous","treasure","tremendous","trend","tricks","triggers","triple","triumph","truly","trusting","trustworthy","truth","truthful","turbo-charge","turbocharges","tweaks","twitching","ultimate","unadulterated","unassuming","unauthorized","unbelievable","unburdened","uncaring","uncensored","uncertain","uncomfortable","unconditional","uncontrollable","unconventional","uncovered","undeniable","under priced","undercover","underground","underhanded","underused","unexpected","unforgettable","unheard of","unhurried","uninterested","unique","unjustified","unknowingly","unleashed","unlimited","unlock","unparalleled","unpopular","unreliable","unresponsive","unseen","unstable","unstoppable","unsure","unsurpassed","untapped","unusual","up-sell","upbeat","uplifted","uplifting","urge","urgent","useful","useless","validate","valor","valuable","value","vanquish","vaporize","venomous","verify","vibrant","vicious","victim","victory","vigorous","vilified","vindictive","violated","violent","volatile","vulnerable","waiting","wanted","wanton","warning","waste","weak","wealth","weird","what no one tells you","whip","whopping","wicked","wild","willpower","withheld","wonderful","wondrous","woozy","world","worry","worst","worthwhile","wounded","wreaking","youthful","zen","zinger"],"diacritics":{"A":"[\\u0041\\u24B6\\uFF21\\u00C0\\u00C1\\u00C2\\u1EA6\\u1EA4\\u1EAA\\u1EA8\\u00C3\\u0100\\u0102\\u1EB0\\u1EAE\\u1EB4\\u1EB2\\u0226\\u01E0\\u00C4\\u01DE\\u1EA2\\u00C5\\u01FA\\u01CD\\u0200\\u0202\\u1EA0\\u1EAC\\u1EB6\\u1E00\\u0104\\u023A\\u2C6F]","AA":"[\\uA732]","AE":"[\\u00C6\\u01FC\\u01E2]","AO":"[\\uA734]","AU":"[\\uA736]","AV":"[\\uA738\\uA73A]","AY":"[\\uA73C]","B":"[\\u0042\\u24B7\\uFF22\\u1E02\\u1E04\\u1E06\\u0243\\u0182\\u0181]","C":"[\\u0043\\u24B8\\uFF23\\u0106\\u0108\\u010A\\u010C\\u00C7\\u1E08\\u0187\\u023B\\uA73E]","D":"[\\u0044\\u24B9\\uFF24\\u1E0A\\u010E\\u1E0C\\u1E10\\u1E12\\u1E0E\\u0110\\u018B\\u018A\\u0189\\uA779]","DZ":"[\\u01F1\\u01C4]","Dz":"[\\u01F2\\u01C5]","E":"[\\u0045\\u24BA\\uFF25\\u00C8\\u00C9\\u00CA\\u1EC0\\u1EBE\\u1EC4\\u1EC2\\u1EBC\\u0112\\u1E14\\u1E16\\u0114\\u0116\\u00CB\\u1EBA\\u011A\\u0204\\u0206\\u1EB8\\u1EC6\\u0228\\u1E1C\\u0118\\u1E18\\u1E1A\\u0190\\u018E]","F":"[\\u0046\\u24BB\\uFF26\\u1E1E\\u0191\\uA77B]","G":"[\\u0047\\u24BC\\uFF27\\u01F4\\u011C\\u1E20\\u011E\\u0120\\u01E6\\u0122\\u01E4\\u0193\\uA7A0\\uA77D\\uA77E]","H":"[\\u0048\\u24BD\\uFF28\\u0124\\u1E22\\u1E26\\u021E\\u1E24\\u1E28\\u1E2A\\u0126\\u2C67\\u2C75\\uA78D]","I":"[\\u0049\\u24BE\\uFF29\\u00CC\\u00CD\\u00CE\\u0128\\u012A\\u012C\\u0130\\u00CF\\u1E2E\\u1EC8\\u01CF\\u0208\\u020A\\u1ECA\\u012E\\u1E2C\\u0197]","J":"[\\u004A\\u24BF\\uFF2A\\u0134\\u0248]","K":"[\\u004B\\u24C0\\uFF2B\\u1E30\\u01E8\\u1E32\\u0136\\u1E34\\u0198\\u2C69\\uA740\\uA742\\uA744\\uA7A2]","L":"[\\u004C\\u24C1\\uFF2C\\u013F\\u0139\\u013D\\u1E36\\u1E38\\u013B\\u1E3C\\u1E3A\\u0141\\u023D\\u2C62\\u2C60\\uA748\\uA746\\uA780]","LJ":"[\\u01C7]","Lj":"[\\u01C8]","M":"[\\u004D\\u24C2\\uFF2D\\u1E3E\\u1E40\\u1E42\\u2C6E\\u019C]","N":"[\\u004E\\u24C3\\uFF2E\\u01F8\\u0143\\u00D1\\u1E44\\u0147\\u1E46\\u0145\\u1E4A\\u1E48\\u0220\\u019D\\uA790\\uA7A4]","NJ":"[\\u01CA]","Nj":"[\\u01CB]","O":"[\\u004F\\u24C4\\uFF2F\\u00D2\\u00D3\\u00D4\\u1ED2\\u1ED0\\u1ED6\\u1ED4\\u00D5\\u1E4C\\u022C\\u1E4E\\u014C\\u1E50\\u1E52\\u014E\\u022E\\u0230\\u00D6\\u022A\\u1ECE\\u0150\\u01D1\\u020C\\u020E\\u01A0\\u1EDC\\u1EDA\\u1EE0\\u1EDE\\u1EE2\\u1ECC\\u1ED8\\u01EA\\u01EC\\u00D8\\u01FE\\u0186\\u019F\\uA74A\\uA74C]","OI":"[\\u01A2]","OO":"[\\uA74E]","OU":"[\\u0222]","P":"[\\u0050\\u24C5\\uFF30\\u1E54\\u1E56\\u01A4\\u2C63\\uA750\\uA752\\uA754]","Q":"[\\u0051\\u24C6\\uFF31\\uA756\\uA758\\u024A]","R":"[\\u0052\\u24C7\\uFF32\\u0154\\u1E58\\u0158\\u0210\\u0212\\u1E5A\\u1E5C\\u0156\\u1E5E\\u024C\\u2C64\\uA75A\\uA7A6\\uA782]","S":"[\\u0053\\u24C8\\uFF33\\u1E9E\\u015A\\u1E64\\u015C\\u1E60\\u0160\\u1E66\\u1E62\\u1E68\\u0218\\u015E\\u2C7E\\uA7A8\\uA784]","T":"[\\u0054\\u24C9\\uFF34\\u1E6A\\u0164\\u1E6C\\u021A\\u0162\\u1E70\\u1E6E\\u0166\\u01AC\\u01AE\\u023E\\uA786]","TZ":"[\\uA728]","U":"[\\u0055\\u24CA\\uFF35\\u00D9\\u00DA\\u00DB\\u0168\\u1E78\\u016A\\u1E7A\\u016C\\u00DC\\u01DB\\u01D7\\u01D5\\u01D9\\u1EE6\\u016E\\u0170\\u01D3\\u0214\\u0216\\u01AF\\u1EEA\\u1EE8\\u1EEE\\u1EEC\\u1EF0\\u1EE4\\u1E72\\u0172\\u1E76\\u1E74\\u0244]","V":"[\\u0056\\u24CB\\uFF36\\u1E7C\\u1E7E\\u01B2\\uA75E\\u0245]","VY":"[\\uA760]","W":"[\\u0057\\u24CC\\uFF37\\u1E80\\u1E82\\u0174\\u1E86\\u1E84\\u1E88\\u2C72]","X":"[\\u0058\\u24CD\\uFF38\\u1E8A\\u1E8C]","Y":"[\\u0059\\u24CE\\uFF39\\u1EF2\\u00DD\\u0176\\u1EF8\\u0232\\u1E8E\\u0178\\u1EF6\\u1EF4\\u01B3\\u024E\\u1EFE]","Z":"[\\u005A\\u24CF\\uFF3A\\u0179\\u1E90\\u017B\\u017D\\u1E92\\u1E94\\u01B5\\u0224\\u2C7F\\u2C6B\\uA762]","a":"[\\u0061\\u24D0\\uFF41\\u1E9A\\u00E0\\u00E1\\u00E2\\u1EA7\\u1EA5\\u1EAB\\u1EA9\\u00E3\\u0101\\u0103\\u1EB1\\u1EAF\\u1EB5\\u1EB3\\u0227\\u01E1\\u00E4\\u01DF\\u1EA3\\u00E5\\u01FB\\u01CE\\u0201\\u0203\\u1EA1\\u1EAD\\u1EB7\\u1E01\\u0105\\u2C65\\u0250]","aa":"[\\uA733]","ae":"[\\u00E6\\u01FD\\u01E3]","ao":"[\\uA735]","au":"[\\uA737]","av":"[\\uA739\\uA73B]","ay":"[\\uA73D]","b":"[\\u0062\\u24D1\\uFF42\\u1E03\\u1E05\\u1E07\\u0180\\u0183\\u0253]","c":"[\\u0063\\u24D2\\uFF43\\u0107\\u0109\\u010B\\u010D\\u00E7\\u1E09\\u0188\\u023C\\uA73F\\u2184]","d":"[\\u0064\\u24D3\\uFF44\\u1E0B\\u010F\\u1E0D\\u1E11\\u1E13\\u1E0F\\u0111\\u018C\\u0256\\u0257\\uA77A]","dz":"[\\u01F3\\u01C6]","e":"[\\u0065\\u24D4\\uFF45\\u00E8\\u00E9\\u00EA\\u1EC1\\u1EBF\\u1EC5\\u1EC3\\u1EBD\\u0113\\u1E15\\u1E17\\u0115\\u0117\\u00EB\\u1EBB\\u011B\\u0205\\u0207\\u1EB9\\u1EC7\\u0229\\u1E1D\\u0119\\u1E19\\u1E1B\\u0247\\u025B\\u01DD]","f":"[\\u0066\\u24D5\\uFF46\\u1E1F\\u0192\\uA77C]","g":"[\\u0067\\u24D6\\uFF47\\u01F5\\u011D\\u1E21\\u011F\\u0121\\u01E7\\u0123\\u01E5\\u0260\\uA7A1\\u1D79\\uA77F]","h":"[\\u0068\\u24D7\\uFF48\\u0125\\u1E23\\u1E27\\u021F\\u1E25\\u1E29\\u1E2B\\u1E96\\u0127\\u2C68\\u2C76\\u0265]","hv":"[\\u0195]","i":"[\\u0069\\u24D8\\uFF49\\u00EC\\u00ED\\u00EE\\u0129\\u012B\\u012D\\u00EF\\u1E2F\\u1EC9\\u01D0\\u0209\\u020B\\u1ECB\\u012F\\u1E2D\\u0268\\u0131]","j":"[\\u006A\\u24D9\\uFF4A\\u0135\\u01F0\\u0249]","k":"[\\u006B\\u24DA\\uFF4B\\u1E31\\u01E9\\u1E33\\u0137\\u1E35\\u0199\\u2C6A\\uA741\\uA743\\uA745\\uA7A3]","l":"[\\u006C\\u24DB\\uFF4C\\u0140\\u013A\\u013E\\u1E37\\u1E39\\u013C\\u1E3D\\u1E3B\\u017F\\u0142\\u019A\\u026B\\u2C61\\uA749\\uA781\\uA747]","lj":"[\\u01C9]","m":"[\\u006D\\u24DC\\uFF4D\\u1E3F\\u1E41\\u1E43\\u0271\\u026F]","n":"[\\u006E\\u24DD\\uFF4E\\u01F9\\u0144\\u00F1\\u1E45\\u0148\\u1E47\\u0146\\u1E4B\\u1E49\\u019E\\u0272\\u0149\\uA791\\uA7A5]","nj":"[\\u01CC]","o":"[\\u006F\\u24DE\\uFF4F\\u00F2\\u00F3\\u00F4\\u1ED3\\u1ED1\\u1ED7\\u1ED5\\u00F5\\u1E4D\\u022D\\u1E4F\\u014D\\u1E51\\u1E53\\u014F\\u022F\\u0231\\u00F6\\u022B\\u1ECF\\u0151\\u01D2\\u020D\\u020F\\u01A1\\u1EDD\\u1EDB\\u1EE1\\u1EDF\\u1EE3\\u1ECD\\u1ED9\\u01EB\\u01ED\\u00F8\\u01FF\\u0254\\uA74B\\uA74D\\u0275]","oi":"[\\u01A3]","ou":"[\\u0223]","oo":"[\\uA74F]","p":"[\\u0070\\u24DF\\uFF50\\u1E55\\u1E57\\u01A5\\u1D7D\\uA751\\uA753\\uA755]","q":"[\\u0071\\u24E0\\uFF51\\u024B\\uA757\\uA759]","r":"[\\u0072\\u24E1\\uFF52\\u0155\\u1E59\\u0159\\u0211\\u0213\\u1E5B\\u1E5D\\u0157\\u1E5F\\u024D\\u027D\\uA75B\\uA7A7\\uA783]","s":"[\\u0073\\u24E2\\uFF53\\u015B\\u1E65\\u015D\\u1E61\\u0161\\u1E67\\u1E63\\u1E69\\u0219\\u015F\\u023F\\uA7A9\\uA785\\u1E9B]","ss":"[\\u00DF]","t":"[\\u0074\\u24E3\\uFF54\\u1E6B\\u1E97\\u0165\\u1E6D\\u021B\\u0163\\u1E71\\u1E6F\\u0167\\u01AD\\u0288\\u2C66\\uA787]","tz":"[\\uA729]","u":"[\\u0075\\u24E4\\uFF55\\u00F9\\u00FA\\u00FB\\u0169\\u1E79\\u016B\\u1E7B\\u016D\\u00FC\\u01DC\\u01D8\\u01D6\\u01DA\\u1EE7\\u016F\\u0171\\u01D4\\u0215\\u0217\\u01B0\\u1EEB\\u1EE9\\u1EEF\\u1EED\\u1EF1\\u1EE5\\u1E73\\u0173\\u1E77\\u1E75\\u0289]","v":"[\\u0076\\u24E5\\uFF56\\u1E7D\\u1E7F\\u028B\\uA75F\\u028C]","vy":"[\\uA761]","w":"[\\u0077\\u24E6\\uFF57\\u1E81\\u1E83\\u0175\\u1E87\\u1E85\\u1E98\\u1E89\\u2C73]","x":"[\\u0078\\u24E7\\uFF58\\u1E8B\\u1E8D]","y":"[\\u0079\\u24E8\\uFF59\\u1EF3\\u00FD\\u0177\\u1EF9\\u0233\\u1E8F\\u00FF\\u1EF7\\u1E99\\u1EF5\\u01B4\\u024F\\u1EFF]","z":"[\\u007A\\u24E9\\uFF5A\\u017A\\u1E91\\u017C\\u017E\\u1E93\\u1E95\\u01B6\\u0225\\u0240\\u2C6C\\uA763]"},"researchesTests":["contentHasTOC","contentHasShortParagraphs","contentHasAssets","keywordInTitle","keywordInMetaDescription","keywordInPermalink","keywordIn10Percent","keywordInContent","keywordInSubheadings","keywordInImageAlt","keywordDensity","keywordNotUsed","lengthContent","lengthPermalink","linksHasInternal","linksHasExternals","linksNotAllExternals","titleStartWithKeyword","titleSentiment","titleHasPowerWords","titleHasNumber","hasContentAI"],"hasRedirection":true,"hasBreadcrumb":true},"homeUrl":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/","objectID":9850,"objectType":"post","locale":"en","localeFull":"en_US","overlayImages":{"play":{"name":"Play icon","url":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/icon-play.png","path":"\/opt\/ionis\/wordpress\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/icon-play.png","position":"middle_center"},"gif":{"name":"GIF icon","url":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/icon-gif.png","path":"\/opt\/ionis\/wordpress\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/icon-gif.png","position":"middle_center"}},"defautOgImage":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/social-placeholder.jpg","customPermalinks":true,"isUserRegistered":false,"autoSuggestKeywords":false,"connectSiteUrl":"https:\/\/rankmath.com\/auth?site=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsa.fr%2Fen%2F&r=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsa.fr%3A8080%2Fen%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpages%2F9850%3Fnonce%3Dd0b528f434&pro=1","maxTags":100,"trendsIcon":"<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 36 36\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" fit=\"\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" focusable=\"false\">\n\t\t<g id=\"Page-1\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\">\n\t\t\t<g id=\"Trends-Arrow\">\n\t\t\t\t<g id=\"TrendsArrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M1.11227159,26.3181534 L10.2875029,17.1429221 L13.7152617,20.5706809 L4.5400304,29.7459122 C4.20518633,30.0807563 3.66229681,30.0807562 3.32745277,29.7459122 L1.11136262,27.529822 C0.776518575,27.194978 0.776518548,26.6520885 1.11136262,26.3172444 L1.11227159,26.3181534 Z\" id=\"Shape\" fill=\"#4285F4\" fill-rule=\"nonzero\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M14.3201543,14.3211528 L22.283717,22.2847155 L19.4658829,25.1025495 C19.1310388,25.4373936 18.5881494,25.4373937 18.2533053,25.1025495 L10.2906516,17.1398959 L13.1084857,14.3220618 C13.4429747,13.987572 13.9851638,13.9871653 14.3201543,14.3211528 Z\" id=\"Shape\" fill=\"#EA4335\" fill-rule=\"nonzero\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t\t<polygon id=\"Rectangle-path\" fill=\"#FABB05\" fill-rule=\"nonzero\" points=\"18.8573051 18.8577571 28.2843236 9.43073862 31.7120824 12.8584974 22.2850639 22.2855159\"><\/polygon>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M35.0711567,15.5054713 L35.0711567,7 L35.0711567,7 C35.0711567,6.44771525 34.6234415,6 34.0711567,6 L25.5656854,6 L25.5656854,6 C25.0134007,6 24.5656854,6.44771525 24.5656854,7 C24.5656854,7.26521649 24.6710423,7.5195704 24.8585786,7.70710678 L33.3640499,16.2125781 L33.3640499,16.2125781 C33.7545742,16.6031024 34.3877392,16.6031024 34.7782635,16.2125781 C34.9657999,16.0250417 35.0711567,15.7706878 35.0711567,15.5054713 Z\" id=\"Shape\" fill=\"#34A853\" fill-rule=\"nonzero\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t\t<rect id=\"Rectangle-path\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"36\" height=\"36\"><\/rect>\n\t\t\t\t<\/g>\n\t\t\t<\/g>\n\t\t<\/g>\n\t<\/svg>","showScore":true,"siteFavIcon":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/cropped-Favicon-32x32.png","canUser":{"general":false,"advanced":false,"snippet":false,"social":false,"analysis":false,"analytics":false,"content_ai":false},"showKeywordIntent":true,"isPro":true,"is_front_page":false,"trendsUpgradeLink":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-admin\/admin.php?page=rank-math&view=help","trendsUpgradeLabel":"Activate now","trendsPreviewImage":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/trends-preview.jpg","currentEditor":false,"homepageData":{"assessor":{"powerWords":["a cut above","absolute","absolutely","absolutely lowest","absurd","abuse","accurate","accuse","achieve","actionable","adaptable","adequate","admit","adorable","advantage","advice","affordable","aggravate","aggressive","agitated","agonizing","agony","alarmed","alarming","alienated","aligned","alive","all-inclusive","alluring","always","amazing","amp","animated","annihilate","announcing","anonymous","antagonistic","anxious","apocalypse","appalled","approved","approving","argumentative","armageddon","arrogant","ass kicking","assault","assured","astonishing","astounded","astounding","at ease","atrocious","attack","attractive","audacity","authentic","authoritative","authority","avoid","aware","awe-inspiring","awesome","awkward","backbone","backdoor","backed","backlash","backstabbing","badass","balanced","banned","bargain","barrage","basic","battle","beaming","beat down","beating","beautiful","beauty","begging","behind the scenes","belief","belong","best","best-selling","better","beware","big","billion","black market","blacklisted","blast","blessed","blinded","blissful","blood","bloodbath","bloodcurdling","bloody","blunder","blushing","bold","bomb","bona","bona fide","bonanza","bonus","bootleg","bottom line","bountiful","brave","bravery","brazen","break","breaking","breakthrough","breathtaking","bright","brilliant","broke","brutal","budget","buffoon","bullshit","bully","bumbling","buy","cadaver","calm","cancel anytime","capable","captivate","captivating","carefree","case study","cash","cataclysmic","catapult","catastrophe","caution","censored","centered","certain","certainly","certified","challenge","charming","cheap","cheat","cheat-sheet","cheer","cheerful","child-like","clarity","classified","clear","clueless","collapse","colorful","colossal","comfortable","compare","competitive","complete","completely","completeness","comprehensive","compromise","compulsive","concealed","conclusive","condemning","condescending","confess","confession","confessions","confident","confidential","conquer","conscientious","constructive","content","contrary","controlling","controversial","convenient","convert","cool","cooperative","copy","corpse","corrupt","corrupting","courage","courageous","cover-up","covert","coward","cowardly","crammed","crave","crazy","create","creative","cringeworthy","cripple","crisis","critical","crooked","crush","crushing","damaging","danger","dangerous","daring","dazzling","dead","deadline","deadly","death","decadent","deceived","deceptive","deep","defiance","definitely","definitive","defying","dejected","delicious","delight","delighted","delightful","delirious","delivered","demoralizing","deplorable","depraved","desire","desperate","despicable","destiny","destroy","detailed","devastating","devoted","diagnosed","direct","dirty","disadvantages","disastrous","discount","discover","disdainful","disempowered","disgusted","disgusting","dishonest","disillusioned","disoriented","distracted","distraught","distressed","distrustful","divulge","document","dollar","dominate","doomed","double","doubtful","download","dreadful","dreamy","drive","drowning","dumb","dynamic","eager","earnest","easily","easy","economical","ecstatic","edge","effective","efficient","effortless","elated","eliminate","elite","embarrass","embarrassed","embarrassing","emergency","emerging","emphasize","empowered","enchant","encouraged","endorsed","energetic","energy","enormous","enraged","enthusiastic","envy","epic","epidemic","essential","ethical","euphoric","evil","exactly","exasperated","excellent","excited","excitement","exciting","exclusive","exclusivity","excruciating","exhilarated","expensive","expert","explode","exploit","explosive","exposed","exquisite","extra","extraordinary","extremely","exuberant","eye-opening","fail","fail-proof","failure","faith","famous","fantasy","fascinating","fatigued","faux","faux pas","fearless","feast","feeble","festive","fide","fierce","fight","final","fine","fired","first","first ever","flirt","fluid","focus","focused","fool","fooled","foolish","forbidden","force-fed","forever","forgiving","forgotten","formula","fortune","foul","frantic","free","freebie","freedom","frenzied","frenzy","frightening","frisky","frugal","frustrated","fulfill","fulfilled","full","fully","fun","fun-loving","fundamentals","funniest","funny","furious","gambling","gargantuan","genius","genuine","gift","gigantic","giveaway","glamorous","gleeful","glorious","glowing","goddamn","gorgeous","graceful","grateful","gratified","gravity","great","greatest","greatness","greed","greedy","gripping","grit","grounded","growth","guaranteed","guilt","guilt-free","gullible","guts","hack","happiness","happy","harmful","harsh","hate","have you heard","havoc","hazardous","healthy","heart","heartbreaking","heartwarming","heavenly","hell","helpful","helplessness","hero","hesitant","hidden","high tech","highest","highly effective","hilarious","hoak","hoax","honest","honored","hope","hopeful","horribly","horrific","horrifying","horror","hostile","how to","huge","humility","humor","hurricane","hurry","hypnotic","idiot","ignite","illegal","illusive","imagination","immediately","imminently","impatience","impatient","impenetrable","important","impressive","improved","in the zone","incapable","incapacitated","incompetent","inconsiderate","increase","incredible","indecisive","indulgence","indulgent","inexpensive","inferior","informative","infuriated","ingredients","innocent","innovative","insane","insecure","insider","insidious","inspired","inspiring","instant savings","instantly","instructive","insult","intel","intelligent","intense","interesting","intriguing","introducing","invasion","investment","iron-clad","ironclad","irresistible","irs","is here","jackpot","jail","jaw-dropping","jealous","jeopardy","jittery","jovial","joyous","jubilant","judgmental","jumpstart","just arrived","keen","kickass","kickstart","kill","killed","killing","kills","know it all","lame","largest","lascivious","last","last chance","last minute","latest","laugh","laughing","launch","launching","lavishly","lawsuit","lazy","left behind","legendary","legitimate","liberal","liberated","lick","lies","life-changing","lifetime","light","lighthearted","likely","limited","literally","little-known","loathsome","lonely","looming","loser","lost","love","lucrative","lunatic","lurking","lust","luxurious","luxury","lying","magic","magical","magnificent","mainstream","malicious","mammoth","manipulative","marked down","massive","master","masterclass","maul","mediocre","meditative","meltdown","memorability","memorable","menacing","mesmerizing","meticulous","mind-blowing","minimalist","miracle","mired","mischievous","misgiving","missing out","mistake","monetize","money","moneyback","moneygrubbing","monumental","most important","motivated","mouth-watering","murder","mystery","nail","naked","natural","naughty","nazi","nest egg","never","new","nightmare","no good","no obligation","no one talks about","no questions asked","no risk","no strings attached","non-controlling","noted","novelty","now","obnoxious","obsessed","obsession","obvious","odd","off-kilter","off-limits","off-the record","offensive","official","okay","on-demand","open-minded","opportunities","optimistic","ordeal","outlawed","outrageousness","outstanding","overcome","overjoyed","overnight","overwhelmed","packed","painful","painless","painstaking","pale","panic","panicked","paralyzed","pas","passionate","pathetic","pay zero","payback","perfect","peril","perplexed","perspective","pessimistic","pioneering","piranha","pitfall","pitiful","placid","plague","played","playful","pleased","pluck","plummet","plunge","poison","poisonous","polarizing","poor","popular","portfolio","pound","powerful","powerless","practical","preposterous","prestige","price","priceless","pride","prison","privacy","private","privileged","prize","problem","productive","professional","profit","profitable","profound","promiscuous","promising","promote","protect","protected","proven","provocative","provoke","psychological","pummel","punch","punish","pus","quadruple","quality","quarrelsome","quick","quick-start","quickly","quiet","radiant","rare","ravenous","rebellious","recession-proof","reckoning","recognized","recommend","recreate","reduced","reflective","refugee","refund","refundable","reject","relaxed","release","relentless","reliable","remarkable","replicate","report","reprimanding","repulsed","repulsive","research","resentful","resourceful","responsible","responsive","rested","restricted","results","retaliating","reveal","revealing","revenge","revengeful","revisited","revolting","revolutionary","reward","rich","ridiculous","risky","riveting","rookie","rowdy","ruin","rules","ruthless","sabotaging","sacred","sadistic","sadly","sadness","safe","safety","sale","sampler","sarcastic","satisfied","savage","savagery","save","savings","savvy","scam","scandal","scandalous","scarce","scared","scary","scornful","scream","searing","secret","secret agenda","secret plot","secrets","secure","security","seductive","seething","seize","selected","self-hating","self-sufficient","sensational","senseless","sensual","serene","seriously","severe","sex","sexy","shaking","shameful","shameless","shaming","shatter","shellacking","shocking","should","shrewd","sick and tired","signs","silly","simple","simplicity","simplified","simplistic","sincere","sinful","sins","six-figure","sizable","sizzle","sizzled","sizzles","sizzling","sizzlingly","skill","skyrocket","slaughter","slave","sleazy","sleeping","sly","smash","smiling","smug","smuggle","smuggled","sneak-peek","sneaky","sniveling","snob","snooty","snotty","soar","soaring","solid","solution","spank","special","spectacular","speedy","spell-binding","spine","spirit","spirited","spiteful","spoiler","spontaneous","spotlight","spunky","squirming","stable","staggering","startling","steady","steal","stealthy","steamy","step-by-step","still","stoic","stop","strange","strangle","strategy","stressed","strong","strongly suggest","struggle","stuck up","studies","stunning","stupid","stupid-simple","sturdy","sublime","succeed","success","successful","suck","suddenly","suffer","sunny","super","super-human","superb","supercharge","superior","supported","supportive","sure","sure fire","surefire","surge","surging","surprise","surprised","surprising","survival","survive","suspicious","sweaty","swoon","swoon-worthy","tailspin","tank","tantalizing","targeted","tawdry","tease","technology","teetering","tempting","tenacious","tense","terrible","terrific","terrified","terrifying","terror","terrorist","tested","thankful","the truth","threaten","threatened","thrilled","thrilling","thug","ticked off","tickled","timely","today","torture","toxic","track record","trade secret","tragedy","tragic","transform","transparency","trap","trapped","trauma","traumatized","treacherous","treasure","tremendous","trend","tricks","triggers","triple","triumph","truly","trusting","trustworthy","truth","truthful","turbo-charge","turbocharges","tweaks","twitching","ultimate","unadulterated","unassuming","unauthorized","unbelievable","unburdened","uncaring","uncensored","uncertain","uncomfortable","unconditional","uncontrollable","unconventional","uncovered","undeniable","under priced","undercover","underground","underhanded","underused","unexpected","unforgettable","unheard of","unhurried","uninterested","unique","unjustified","unknowingly","unleashed","unlimited","unlock","unparalleled","unpopular","unreliable","unresponsive","unseen","unstable","unstoppable","unsure","unsurpassed","untapped","unusual","up-sell","upbeat","uplifted","uplifting","urge","urgent","useful","useless","validate","valor","valuable","value","vanquish","vaporize","venomous","verify","vibrant","vicious","victim","victory","vigorous","vilified","vindictive","violated","violent","volatile","vulnerable","waiting","wanted","wanton","warning","waste","weak","wealth","weird","what no one tells you","whip","whopping","wicked","wild","willpower","withheld","wonderful","wondrous","woozy","world","worry","worst","worthwhile","wounded","wreaking","youthful","zen","zinger"],"diacritics":true,"researchesTests":["contentHasTOC","contentHasShortParagraphs","contentHasAssets","keywordInTitle","keywordInMetaDescription","keywordInPermalink","keywordIn10Percent","keywordInContent","keywordInSubheadings","keywordInImageAlt","keywordDensity","keywordNotUsed","lengthContent","lengthPermalink","linksHasInternal","linksHasExternals","linksNotAllExternals","titleStartWithKeyword","titleSentiment","titleHasPowerWords","titleHasNumber","hasContentAI"],"hasBreadcrumb":true,"serpData":{"title":"%sitename% %page% %sep% %sitedesc%","description":"","titleTemplate":"%sitename% %page% %sep% %sitedesc%","descriptionTemplate":"","focusKeywords":"","breadcrumbTitle":"Home","robots":{"index":true},"advancedRobots":{"max-snippet":"-1","max-video-preview":"-1","max-image-preview":"large"},"facebookTitle":"","facebookDescription":"","facebookImage":"","facebookImageID":""}}},"searchIntents":[],"isAnalyticsConnected":false,"tocTitle":"Table of Contents","tocExcludeHeadings":[],"listStyle":"ul"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9850"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9850\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10624,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9850\/revisions\/10624"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsa.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}